Mineral mining is directly related to mining research in your research tree. Higher the research level the more a specific colony will produce of it`s mineral. Colony size will also help produce more as well.
Ore isn`t affected by research and you will only mine up to a colonies specific amount of ore that came with it so once it`s used up there is no more. On the colony itself you can mine ore faster by putting more available labor into the mining category.
